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Mesothelioma and Asbestos

Asbestos is a naturally occurring mineral that is found in long, thin fibres. People who are exposed to asbestos may develop lung diseases like mesothelioma.

It can take years before symptoms begin to manifest after asbestos exposure. Different asbestos types may cause different symptoms.

Pleural Mesothelioma

Pleural mesothelioma is a type of cancer that develops in the outer lung liner (pleura). It is the most common mesothelioma that accounts for up 70 to 79% of diagnosed cases. The condition can cause chest pain, breath shortness and a feeling heavyness.

This type of cancer often caused by exposure to asbestos, which is a grouping of minerals made up of microscopic fibres. Once inhaled, these fibers stick inside the lung and cause irritation that results in scarring and DNA mutations. Pleura covers both the chest cavity and the lungs, and so irritations can also affect the heart. Mesothelioma symptoms usually don't appear until 30 to 50 years after exposure.

Chest pain and shortness breath are the most common symptoms. Patients may also experience difficulty breathing, or chest tightness. People with this cancer often have a history of exposure to asbestos in the workplace. Construction, manufacturing and shipbuilding are the most frequent occupations that put people at a high risk of developing pleural mesothelioma. Individuals who have been in the military are at an especially high risk due to the widespread asbestos lawsuit usage in Navy ships and army bunkers.

The most commonly used staging method for pleural mesothelioma is the TNM (tumor lymph nodes, lymph nodes, and metastases) staging system. The stage a patient has at diagnosis will aid their doctor in determining the best treatment plan for them. Patients with pleural mesothelioma that is in stage three or four will suffer a more negative prognosis compared to those who are in a lower stage. Stage four mesothelioma can be spread to the heart, liver or diaphragm. This makes it more difficult to treat and increase the chance of complications for the patient.

Peritoneal Mesothelioma

Unlike pleural mesothelioma, which is a lung-lining cancer, peritoneal mesothelioma develops in the peritoneum -- it is a membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and organs such as the liver and intestines. Like pleural mesothelioma, peritoneal mesothelioma is triggered by asbestos legal (his explanation) exposure. It is estimated that only 300-500 cases are diagnosed annually this is less than the pleural asbestosis.

As with pleural asbestosis symptoms can take a long time to show. Typically, patients are afflicted with abdominal pain as well as a mass in the abdomen. This mesothelioma type can cause nausea, weight loss and fever. A lot of these symptoms can be misinterpreted as digestive issues and can lead to a mistaken diagnosis.

Generally, doctors can find mesothelioma through a thorough medical history and physical exam. Imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans are a way to identify mesothelioma. These tests can reveal cancerous tumors or other signs of cancer that aren't visible on X-rays.

These tests enable doctors to diagnose mesothelioma and establish the stage. They can also recommend treatments. Staging is determined based on the type of cell and whether or the cancer has spread to other regions of the body.

asbestos compensation exposure is the most important risk factor. People who have worked in jobs that require asbestos, like plumbing or manufacturing, electrical work or construction, are at greater risk of developing the disease. Even if someone does not work in one of these fields however, they may still be exposed through family members or other sources. Therefore, anyone who is concerned that they might be at risk should talk to an expert. A mesothelioma specialist can help those with a history with asbestos to learn more about their risk.

Risk Factors

Asbestos exposure is the main mesothelioma risk factor, making up as much as 80 percent of cases. Exposure to asbestos can happen due to military service, work or living with those who worked with asbestos. When exposed to asbestos, particles can be inhaled into the lungs and abdomen. These particles can cause irritation to the linings and cause cancerous cells to grow in the mesothelium. After asbestos exposure, mesothelioma may be diagnosed between 15 and 60 years.

Other risk factors include smoking, genetics, and age. People in their 40s and 50s are more at risk of developing mesothelioma as compared to those who are younger or older. It takes mesothelioma between 20 and 60 years before it manifests cancer symptoms after the first exposure. It is also important to note that mesothelioma can develop in people who have been exposed to asbestos, but did not work with it directly. This is referred to as secondary or indirect exposure to asbestos. It is just as harmful as direct exposure.

Smoking increases the chance of mesothelioma developing, as it damages the mesothelium. It can also make it more vulnerable. Mesothelioma can also be caused by certain diseases, such as asbestosis and pneumonia. It is also important to remember that mesothelioma is more prevalent for men than women. Men are more likely than women to have been exposed to asbestos for a longer period of time and to work with asbestos for longer periods of time. Men are also more likely to have lived with someone who had been exposed to asbestos, and to have asbestos-containing fibers on their clothing. Women are less likely to come into exposure to asbestos and don't typically carry asbestos home on their clothes.

Diagnosis

It is difficult to diagnose mesothelioma because its symptoms are often similar to other conditions. This can result in patients being misdiagnosed.

The first step to diagnose mesothelioma is for NYU Langone doctors to perform an examination of the body and take note of the medical history of the patient which includes asbestos attorney exposure. Doctors will also order a CT scan or chest X-ray to check for abnormalities, lumps and evidence of asbestos exposure. These include plaques in the pleura, thickened pleura and calcium deposits.

Other diagnostic tests include a magnetic resonance image or MRI test, which uses magnets and radio waves in order to create a series of detailed images of the inside of the body. A surgical biopsy is another way for doctors to diagnose mesothelioma. When a biopsy is performed doctors will remove a small piece of tissue from the pleura or the peritoneum, to be examined further. A pathologist can look at the tissue under microscopes to determine whether it has cancerous cells.

Mesothelioma is classified according to the type of mesothelial cell involved, whether the cells are malignant or benign and also the location of the tumor, its type, and the stage of the tumor. Certain mesothelioma types have an increased risk of metastasizing or spreading therefore it is essential to determine the type of mesothelioma so doctors can treat it before it becomes out of control.

Doctors may also conduct tests in the laboratory on tumors to identify specific proteins, genes or other elements that will help them identify cancer characteristics and plan treatment. These results are referred to as staging.

Treatment

A diagnosis of mesothelioma can be terrifying. However, it's important to remember that the disease is treatable, particularly in its earlier stages. Many people with mesothelioma can endure the disease for many years without it spreading.

Exposure to asbestos can trigger mesothelioma in many ways. Asbestos particles, which are too small to be able to see or feel by the naked eye can be airborne and cause irritation to the lung's lining (pleura). In time the irritation can lead to the formation of scar tissues that eventually result in tumors.

The pleura is a protective covering that covers the lungs, heart and abdomen. Mesothelium is composed of cells that react to exposure to asbestos which causes it to become inflamed and form scar tissue. In time, these changes can lead to the development of malignant mesothelioma cancers.

Breathing problems, chest discomfort or fluid buildup on the lungs are all symptoms of pleural mesothelioma. In rare cases the cancer may be spread to the tissues around the heart and reproductive organs.

A doctor may request biopsy if scans show the possibility of a tumor in the lungs or stomach. During the procedure, doctors take tiny amounts of fluid or tumor for lab analysis. The results will confirm a mesothelioma diagnosis, and provide the best treatment option.

There are a variety of mesothelioma treatments, which include chemotherapy, surgery, and immunotherapy. Most doctors utilize the combination of these methods. Patients can also benefit by taking part in a clinical trial of new mesothelioma treatments. Patients can learn more by speaking with a mesothelioma doctor who has treated the disease.