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Tracking Sharks With Robots

Scientists have been tracking sharks with robots for a long time, but a new design can do it while tracking the animal. The system was created by biologists from Mote Marine Laboratory, and engineers from Harvey Mudd College using components that were readily available.

It has a powerful gripping force, able to withstand pull-off forces of 340 times its own weight. It also can detect changes in objects and change its direction in line with the changes.

Autonomous Underwater Vehicles

Autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) are programmable robotic shark self-emptying robot vacuum (labo.wodkcity.com) devices that, according to their design they can drift, drive or glide through the ocean with no real-time supervision from human operators. They are equipped with a variety of sensors to record the water's parameters and map ocean geological features, sea floor communities and habitats and much more.

They are controlled by a surface ship using Wi-Fi or acoustic links to send data back to the operator. AUVS are utilized to collect any kind of temporal or spatial data and can be used in large teams to cover more ground than could be done with the use of a single vehicle.

Like their land counterparts, AUVs can navigate using GPS and the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) to determine where they are in the world and how far they have been from where they started. This information on positioning, together with environmental sensors that send information to the onboard computer systems, allow AUVs to follow a pre-planned course without losing sight of their goals.

After completing a research mission, the AUV will float up to the surface. It will be then recovered by the research vessel from where it was launched. In contrast an AUV that is resident can remain underwater and conduct regular, pre-programmed checks for months at a time. In either case the AUV will periodically surface to communicate its location using an GPS signal or acoustic beacon, which are then transmitted to the surface ship.

Some AUVs communicate with their operator constantly via an internet connection to the research ship. This lets scientists continue to conduct experiments from their ship while the AUV is off collecting data under water. Other AUVs can communicate with their operators only at specified dates, like when they need to refuel or verify the status of their sensors.

Free Think says that AUVs are not only used to collect data from oceanography but also to search underwater resources, such as minerals and gas. They can also be employed to respond to environmental disasters, such as tsunamis or oil spills. They can also be used to monitor subsurface volcano activity and also the conditions of marine life, like coral reefs or whale populations.

Curious Robots

Contrary to traditional underwater robotics, which have been programmed to search only for a specific feature on the ocean floor, these curious underwater robots are built so that they can look around and adapt to changes in the environment. This is crucial because the environment beneath the waves can be unpredictable. If the water suddenly heats up this could alter the behavior of marine animals, or even trigger an oil spill. Robots that are curious can spot these changes quickly and effectively.

One team of researchers is developing an innovative robotic system that makes use of reinforcement learning to teach an animal to be curious about its surroundings. The robot, which appears like a child, complete with a yellow jacket and a green arm can be trained to detect patterns that could suggest an interesting discovery. It also can make decisions about what it should do next in relation to the results of its previous actions. The findings of this research could be applied to create an artificial intelligence that is capable of self-learning and adapting to changes in its environment.

Scientists are also using robots to investigate areas that are dangerous for humans to dive into. For example, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) has a fascinating robot named WARP-AUV. It is used to search for and study shipwrecks. This robot is able recognize reef creatures and distinguish jellyfish and semi-transparent fish from their dim backgrounds.

It takes years to learn to be able to do this. The brain of the WARP-AUV has been trained recognize familiar species after a lot of images have been fed into it. The WARP-AUV functions as a marine detective that can also send live images of sea creatures and underwater scenery to supervisors on the surface.

Other teams are working to develop robots that share the same curiosity as humans. A team from the University of Washington’s Paul G. Allen school of Computer Science & Engineering, for instance, is looking at ways to help robots develop curiosity about their surroundings. This group is part of a three-year program by Honda Research Institute USA to develop machines that are curious.

Remote Missions

Many uncertainties can lead to an unplanned mission failure. Scientists don't know for sure how long a mission will last, how well the components of the spacecraft will function and if other objects or forces may hinder spacecraft operation. The Remote Agent software is intended to reduce the uncertainty by completing many of the complex tasks ground control personnel would perform in the event that they were on DS1 during the mission.

The Remote Agent software system consists of a planner/scheduler as well as an executive. It also has models-based reasoning algorithms. The planner/scheduler creates a set activities based on time and events that are referred to as tokens which are then sent to the executive. The executive decides how to transform these tokens into an array of commands that will be sent directly to the spacecraft.

During the test during the test, an DS1 crew member will be available to keep track of the progress of the Remote Agent and deal with any issues outside of the scope of the test. Regional bureaus must follow Department requirements for records management and keep all documentation associated with the establishment of the remote mission.

SharkCam by REUS

Researchers have no idea of the actions of sharks below the surface. Scientists are cutting through the blue veil with an autonomous underwater vehicle called REMUS SharkCam. The results are both incredible and terrifying.

The SharkCam Team A group of scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution took the SharkCam, a torpedo shaped camera that was taken to Guadalupe Island to track and film white great sharks in their natural habitat. The 13 hours of video footage with the images from the acoustic tag attached to sharks provide a lot of information about their underwater behavior.

The REMUS SharkCam, constructed in Pocasset, MA by Hydroid and is designed to follow the exact location of a animal that is tagged without affecting its behavior or causing alarm. It employs an Omnidirectional ultra-short baseline navigation system to determine the range, bearing and depth of the shark. It then it closes in at a predetermined distance and location (left right, right above or below) to capture it swimming and interacting with its environment. It communicates with scientists at the surface every 20 seconds, and can accept commands to change its speed and depth or standoff distance.

When Roger Stokey, REMUS SharkCam creator Roger Stokey, and Edgar Mauricio Hoyos Padilla, Pelagios Kakunja shark robot vacuum parts researcher of Mexico's Marine Conservation Society, first imagined tracking great whites using the self emptying robot vacuum shark-propelled REMUS SharkCam torpedo, they were concerned that the torpedo could disrupt the sharks' movement and possibly scare them away. Skomal and his colleagues, wrote in a recent article in the Journal of Fish Biology that the SharkCam survived despite nine bumps and biting from great whites that weighed several thousand pounds over the course of a week of research near the coast of Guadalupe.

Researchers interpreted the interactions of sharks and the REMUS SharkCam (which had been tracking four sharks tagged) as predatory behavior. They recorded 30 shark vacuum with self empty interactions with the robot, including simple approaches, bumps and, on nine occasions, aggressive bites from sharks which appeared to be aimed at REMUS.